翻译中国诗歌有哪些难题？

　　中国诗歌在海外传播已久，充分的展示了汉语之美，进行翻译的时候有很多需要注意的事项，也有一定的难度，今天陪同翻译给大家分享一下翻译中国诗歌有哪些难题?

　　Chinese poetry has been spread abroad for a long time, fully demonstrating the beauty of Chinese. There are many matters needing attention and some difficulties in translating. What difficulties do you have in translating Chinese poetry with you today?

　　四声平仄无对应

　　Four tones do not correspond to each other.

　　汉字的四声在中国古典绝句和律诗中起的地位十分重要，而外文却没有声调，因此中国古典诗词中的平仄在翻译成外文之后，自然也就无法表现。

　　The four tones of Chinese characters play an important role in Chinese classical quatrains and rhythmic poems, but there is no tone in foreign languages. Therefore, the level tone in Chinese classical poems can not be expressed naturally after being translated into foreign languages.

　　格律对偶难对照

　　Grammatical Duality is Difficult to Contrast

　　具体来讲，古代的汉语是一个单音节的语言。因此，每行的停顿有一定的位子。比如，在五言绝句中，停顿在每行第二个音节后;而七言绝句，每行则有两个停顿。在第二个音节之后，有一个比较短的停顿，在第四个音节之后，有一个则有个比较长的停顿。那种一致的现象当然也译不过来。因此，“律诗里头的那非常精美的对偶的句子也不容易译成外文。”

　　Specifically speaking, ancient Chinese is a monosyllabic language. Therefore, there are certain seats at the pause of each line. For example, in a five-character quintessence, pause follows the second syllable in each line; in a seven-character quintessence, there are two pauses in each line. After the second syllable, there is a shorter pause, and after the fourth syllable, there is a longer pause. Of course, the same phenomenon can not be translated. Therefore, it is not easy to translate into foreign languages the very beautiful antithetical sentences in the rhyme poems.

　　长短句巧译古诗

　　A Skillful Translation of Ancient Poems with Long and Short Sentences

　　虽然，翻译家在把中国非常整齐的五言古诗和七言古诗译成外文的时候，简直没有办法反映原文的结构和节奏。但英国著名的汉学家兼翻译家阿瑟·韦利(ArthurWaley)翻译五言古诗和七言古诗的时候，用一种托马斯·艾略特(T。S。Eliot) 和 E。 庞 德(EzraPound)都很欣赏的节奏。这个形式中，译文用一个读重的音节来相配每一个中文的音节。译文读重的音节之间会出现一个或者几个读轻的音节。因此，译文的句子比原文的句子常常长得多：“十五，从军征”可以译成英文的“At the age of fifteen I followed the armya’field”。我们同样的可以把“少小，离家，老大回”译成“As a very young boy I left my home，as a very old man I return”。虽然不是传统意义上的严格的对仗，却用共通的道理在英文的语境中表现了中国古典诗歌的格律之美。

　　Although, translators can hardly reflect the structure and rhythm of the original text when they translate five-character and seven-character ancient Chinese poems into foreign languages. But when Arthur Waley, a famous British Sinologist and translator, translated five-character and seven-character ancient poems, he used a Thomas Eliot. S. Eliot) and E. Ezra Pound enjoys the rhythm. In this form, the translation matches each Chinese syllable with a stressed syllable. There will be one or more light syllables between the stressed syllables in the translation. Therefore, the sentences in the translated version are often much longer than those in the original: "Fifteen Years, Military Expedition" can be translated into "At the age of fifteen I followed the armya'field" in English. We can also translate "As a very young boy I left my home, as a very old man I return" into "As a very young boy I left my home, as a very old man I return". Although it is not a rigorous conflict in the traditional sense, it expresses the beauty of Chinese classical poetry in the English context with common principles.

中译国际翻译（北京）有限公司
China International Translation service Co., Ltd.