笔译的基础技巧有哪些?

　　笔译翻译是常用的翻译之一，在平时的工作中积累的一些技巧，有利于提高笔译翻译的水平，今天北京翻译公司给大家带来了笔译的基础技巧，希望可以帮到大家。

　　Translation is one of the commonly used translations. Some skills accumulated in ordinary work are conducive to improving the level of translation. Today, the Beijing Translation Company has brought us basic translation skills, hoping to help everyone.

　　一、增译主语

　　Ⅰ. Add to the translation of the subject

　　由于英文表达习惯，常常用一些抽象名词作为主语，而中文的表达习惯则需要把抽象变为具体;英文中常常会为了避免重复而多用介词，中文则不怕重复，一个词会用上好几遍;英语中的复数名词译为汉语时，常常加入这些、各种、种种等，要视具体语境情况而定。

　　Because of the habit of expressing in English, some abstract nouns are often used as the subject, while the Chinese expression habit needs to turn the abstract into concrete. In English, prepositions are often used in order to avoid repetition, but Chinese is not afraid of repetition, and a word can be used several times. When translating plural nouns into Chinese, these, various, and so on are often added, depending on the context.

　　二、增译谓语

　　Ⅱ.Add translation predicate

　　英语中出现两个或多个相同谓语时，常常会省略，以使句子不那么赘余。而中文中则要译出来，使其表达更加地道;英文中的介词短语译为中文时往往要增译动词;有些英语中的名词在译为中文时要加入相应的动词，使其意义更加完整，表达更加明确。

　　When two or more of the same predicates are present in English, it is often omitted so that the sentence is less than that. In Chinese, the translation of the prepositional phrase in English is more idiomatic; the translation of the prepositional phrase in English into Chinese is often the subject of the translation of the verb; in some English, the corresponding verb is to be added when translated into Chinese, so that the meaning is more complete and the expression is more clear.

　　三、时间状语

　　Ⅲ. Adverbials of time

　　1、 时间状语常常可以直接翻译，一般译到主句前。

　　1. The time-like language is often translated directly into the main sentence.

　　2、有的时间状语从句引导词除了表示时间以外，还会附带条件性，所以在翻译的时候要译出条件关系。

　　2, some time adverbial clause guides not only express time, but also attach conditionality, so we should translate conditional relation in translation.

　　四、原因状语

　　Ⅳ. adverbial of cause

　　1、英语中的状语位置较为灵活，既可以放在主句前也可置于主句后，而中文表达常常遵循“前因后果”的顺序，所以在翻译的时候也要注意调整语序。

　　1. The position of adverbial in English is more flexible, it can be placed before or after the main sentence, and Chinese expressions often follow the order of "cause and effect", so we should adjust the word order when translating.

　　2、但上述情况也不是绝对的，原因状语也可放在主句后，这样也对应了汉语中的结构“之所以……是因为”。

　　2, but the above situation is not absolute, the adverbial of reason can also be put after the subject sentence, which also corresponds to the Chinese structure. Because.

　　五、目的状语

　　Ⅴ. object adverbial

　　1、总的来说，目的状语放在主句前翻译，把说明情况的主句放在后面。

　　In general, the adverbial is translated before the subject, and the main sentence explaining the situation is followed.

　　2、目的状语也可译在主句后边，表示以免、以防、使得、生怕等等。

　　Objective adverbials can also be translated after the main sentence to avoid, prevent, make, fear and so on.

　　六、译成汉语的主动句

　　Ⅵ. Active sentences translated into Chinese

　　1、一般被动句的主语是无生命的主语，翻译时常常要将原文主语译为汉语中的主语。

　　1. The subject of a general passive sentence is an inanimate subject, which is often translated into the subject in Chinese.

　　2、主语宾语颠倒位置

　　2.The position of subject object is reversed

　　一般英语中当动作主体的词前加上by时或由介词短语构成时，那么在译文中by后边的动作主体词或该介词短语中的名词就要充当主语，宾语则是原文中的主语。

　　When an action subject is preceded by a by or is composed of a prepositional phrase in general English, the action subject word or the noun in the prepositional phrase after the by in the target text is used as the subject, and the object is the subject in the original text.

　　3、增加主语

　　3. add subject

　　一些被动句在译为主动句时要增加一些主语，比如我们、人们、大家等等。

　　Some passive sentences should be translated into active sentences by adding some subjects, such as us, people, everyone and so on.

　　七、译成汉语中的无主句

　　Ⅶ. No Subject Sentences Translated into Chinese

　　汉语无主句较多，也是我们的思维方式和说话表达习惯等因素有关。很多情况下，我们和处于同一背景生长环境下的人聊天，都不需要说主语，但是对方大多数情况下，都能理解你的意思。

　　There are many non-subject sentences in Chinese, which are also related to our thinking mode and speaking habits and so on. In many cases, we don't have to talk to people from the same background, but most of the time they understand what you mean.

　　八、译成被动句

　　Ⅷ. Translated into passive sentences

　　并不一定是所有英文中的被动句都译为中文的主动句。当一些被动句着重在强调被动意义，这时突出的是被动的动作，那么这种情况下就要仍然译为被动句。

　　Not all passive sentences in English are translated into active sentences in Chinese. When some passive sentences emphasize the passive meaning, then the passive actions will still be translated into the passive sentences.

中译国际翻译（北京）有限公司
China International Translation service Co., Ltd.